Built from the topics that appear in *every* past paper you uploaded.
🧬 BIOLOGY – Recurring Topic Checklist
Condensed Biology Cheat Sheet
Diffusion: movement of particles from high → low concentration. Osmosis: diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane. Active transport: movement against concentration gradient using energy.
Photosynthesis: CO₂ + H₂O → glucose + O₂ (needs chlorophyll + light). Transpiration: loss of water vapour through stomata.
Inheritance: dominant = capital letter, recessive = lowercase.
10 Biology Practice Questions
1. State two differences between plant and animal cells.
2. Explain why root hair cells have a large surface area.
3. Define osmosis and give one example in plants.
4. Describe how the structure of a leaf is adapted for photosynthesis.
5. Explain the role of enzymes in digestion.
6. Compare arteries and veins in terms of structure and function.
7. Write the word equation for aerobic respiration.
8. Explain why lactic acid forms during vigorous exercise.
9. Draw a Punnett square for a cross between Bb × bb and state the ratio.
10. Describe how a food web differs from a food chain.
1. Define isotope and give one example.
2. Draw the electronic structure of magnesium (atomic number 12).
3. State the colour change of litmus in acid and alkali.
4. Explain why sodium is more reactive than magnesium.
5. Describe two ways to prevent rusting.
6. Predict the products at the anode and cathode during electrolysis of aqueous NaCl.
7. Explain why diffusion is faster in gases than liquids.
8. State the test for an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
9. Describe how fractional distillation separates crude oil.
10. Explain why thermal decomposition of CaCO₃ is endothermic.
⚡ PHYSICS – Recurring Topic Checklist
Condensed Physics Cheat Sheet
Speed: distance ÷ time
Acceleration: (v – u) ÷ time
Work: force × distance
Power: work ÷ time
Pressure: force ÷ area
V = IR
EM spectrum (low → high frequency):
Radio → Micro → IR → Visible → UV → X‑ray → Gamma
Alpha: low penetration, high ionisation
Beta: medium penetration
Gamma: very penetrating
10 Physics Practice Questions
1. A car travels 300 m in 20 s. Calculate its speed.
2. Explain what the gradient of a distance–time graph represents.
3. A force of 300 N acts on a lever 0.4 m from the pivot. Calculate the moment.
4. State the difference between mass and weight.
5. Describe how a fuse protects a circuit.
6. Compare series and parallel circuits.
7. Draw a ray diagram for a converging lens forming a real image.
8. Explain why refraction occurs when light enters glass.
9. Define half‑life.
10. Describe how heat is transferred through a metal rod.